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Hypothetical #1 – Secret designs

What do you think about ‘world craft’? Here’s an opportunity to test your views.

Presented in partnership with the Craft Revival Trust and Craft Australia.

Introduction

The world is becoming ever more inter-connected. Globalisation has led to chains of production that are spread across the world, from textile factories to call centres. And now with campaigns such as ‘We’re in this together’, the issue of climate change has sharpened our awareness that the future our planet is a shared responsibility. The climate change talks in Bali late last year reinforced the need for first and third world to work together. It’s a good opportunity to think about the nature of this cooperation.

A key to recent climate change negotiations has been the recognition of the need for economic development in third world countries. In the crafts, there is already considerable collaboration between first world designers and third world artisans. Such collaboration promises to build trust between the two halves of the world, as well as encourage the development of environmentally-friendly industries .

But trust is a fragile thing. Miscommunication and inappropriate assumptions can lead to suspicion and anger. Greater understanding is required of the interests, hopes and consequences that might be entailed in such collaborations. To develop an understanding of these complexities, a number of hypotheticals will be presented dealing with different kinds of relationships between designers and artisans. Responses are sought from those in the field about the issues evoked. These will form the groundwork for a more extensive study of this activity and the future potential development of a Code of Practice.

Can you sell culture to save culture?

The Ganapi people live in a village in the remote highlands of Gananda, a small tropical nation increasingly dependent on income from its copper mines. Ganapi culture is under great pressure. The male villagers are increasingly drawn to jobs with the mines in a distant province. Local craft traditions are threatened by the influx of cheap commodities. And overall, the Ganapi suffer from a decline in confidence and social cohesion.

A key element of Ganapi culture is the initiation of young men into adulthood. This involves an elaborate and highly secret ritual, during which the men are scarred and adorned with an ornately woven string bag, known as the xanak. This bag is produced during the ceremonies and its design is said to prophesise the future of its owner.

Herbert Downer is an anthropologist who has taken great interest in the Ganapi. He feels it is important to contribute something back to the culture that has helped establish his academic career. An old school friend has established a very successful technology company that markets products to the exclusive global elite. InfoGlobal have developed a device which combines Skype, GPS, MP3 player, language translation, email and news feeds. At the high price of US$1,200, it is designed for a limited market. Research has revealed that their target market is motivated to consume products that have a clear narrative of social responsibility. Elite consumers like to drink fair trade coffee and purchase hand-made goods. But at the same time, they are not averse to cutting edge technology.

Downer proposed that InfoGlobal commission the Ganapi people to design a cover for this new device using a traditional design. The cover would be mass-produced in the China, where the device is manufactured. The final product would be called a Xanak and be sold with a narrative about the cover, explaining the special meaning of the design as a guarantee of the wearer’s safety and success. InfoGlobal are thrilled with the idea and keen for their product designer to visit Ganada to secure the design.

Downer now visits his trusted confidante, Moses Fenami, and presents him with the idea. ‘I have a solution to the troubles now afflicting the village. A friend of mine is keen to buy one of the Xanak designs that are part of the cultural treasures of the Ganapi people. This design will be worn by very important people who travel widely around the world. The Ganapi story will be spread far and wide. Not only that, but the village will also receive a generous fee of $250,000 which will be donated for community projects, including a tourist centre to increase trade and draw people back to the village. I think it’s a golden opportunity to save Ganapi culture. What do you think?’

Moses replies, ‘Dear brother professor Downer. It is very kind that you have sought ways of helping the Ganapi. You are a true brother of the Ganapi. We certainly do need help. Our people have gone crazy with all these new things. Our men go to the copper mines and spend their money on drink and gambling. No one seems to care for the old ways any more. I fear greatly that our children will not know about their ancestors.

‘Perhaps this the way forward. Rather than just keeping our sacred stories and beautiful objects to ourselves, we learn to share them with other people. Other people can then help us re-build our culture.

‘But your solution is worrying too. These designs that you talk about are sacred to us. They are not produced lightly. Usually when everyone knows something in our culture, it is no longer important. We have strict rules. No man can wear another’s xanak. This might break one of the last ties that keep us together. So I’m not sure if the medicine would be worse than the disease. Please give me some time to consult with the other elders before I give you an answer.’

What do you think?

So, if you were a Ganapi elder, how would you advise Moses to answer Professor Downer:

  • YES, to seek resources and interest of the modern world to help strengthen Ganapi culture
  • NO, to preserve the sacred bed-rock of Ganapi values

Please register your opinion in the poll on this site. If there is more you’d like to add, such as an alternative solution, please leave a comment here.

Jewellers step out in Adelaide

There was a strong showing of jewellers in Adelaide for the JMGA conference, titled Inside-Out. Outside the wind was bone dry and the sky was dark blue without a cloud in sight. Inside, we gathered in a sumptuous cool auditorium.

The event as a whole was masterfully organised. The logistics of an extensive exhibition program was challenging enough. But the social events were charming and perfect for bringing people together — the pin swap and concluding dust lawn bowls created a wonderful feeling amongst all. As a way of bringing jewellers together to feel part of a community, the conference worked brilliantly.

Congratulations to everyone involved. There are certainly challenges ahead, to clearly identify the issues that are critical to jewellery. The baton now passes on to Perth for the next JMGA conference in 2010. Given the resistance that may emerge from the east in crossing the Nullabor, perhaps the Perth conference might look more internationally. We’ll see.

Crafting protest

The Vera List Centre for Art and Politics in New York is hosting a discussion about craft as a medium for political protest.

Many contemporary artists are using craft as a largely unregulated place of protest where diverse and timely political statements are being made. Presented as part of a series of talks on agency, the panel proposes that crafting, because it is often social and communal, plays a vital role in the public sphere.

The panelists include Liz Collins, Sabrina Gschwandtner, Cat Mazza and Allison Smith. As well as participating in the panel, they have collaborated on a ‘large-scale knit banner’ that will be unveiled during the event. The discussion will be published in Modern Painters.

Political protest is an unlikely avenue for craft to use for profile in the visual arts. It would be interesting to determine if the crafting process itself is considered protest enough, in which case the actual cause selected is merely decoration.

Vale Rose Slivka

Here’s a piece by Jane Burns in honour of a significant figure in the 20th century craft scene:

Vale Rose Slivka. I can imagine some readers saying Rose who? From my knowledge of her I am sure there could not be two Rose Slivkas. She was a writer of lyrical prose, a poet, an eccentric, a New Yorker who lived in a marvelous loft in Soho and who was the proud mother of Charlotte and Mark. When she came to Australia in 1973 at the invitation of the then Crafts Council of Australia, the two young Slivkas came also, and among the too numerous stories of the Rose Slivka visit was one I will always remember. I got a phone call at an unusual hour in Sydney having seen Rose and entourage safely on the plane to Tasmania earlier in the afternoon. “Jane… I’m suffering some culture shock here. Am I still in Australia?” It’s a good thing to remember now that thirty years ago Australia was another country in almost every sense.

Rose Slivka died in 2004 at the age of 85. She was accorded an obituary in the New York Times which was headed Writer and Champion of Crafts as Fine Art. Although it is now three years since her death it is fitting that we in Australia should join with eminent writers and artists in the US and Europe in acknowledging the influence she had on international contemporary crafts over more than thirty years and at such a critical point in modern practice.

Also now in 2007, at this time of change in the incumbent Federal Government in Canberra, it is significantly fitting to be reminded of 1973, when the Whitlam Government re-fashioned the Australia Council and gave key arts policy responsibilities to artists and arts administrators with deep knowledge and understanding of needs in specific art forms. Marea Gazzard, a long time friend of Rose Slivka, was appointed the Chair of the Crafts Board of the Australia Council. It made perfect sense for her to seek Rose’s advice on publication policy and, in collaboration with the Crafts Council of Australia, to use her presence in Australia ‘to act as catalyst for stimulating discussion on crafts writing and specifically for Craft Australia’, the then fledgling crafts journal in Australia. In terms of stars of her time it would be the equivalent now of asking a contemporary hot property writer to take time out of busy life and other commitments for three weeks in Australia, no fee but all expenses paid, to give public talks and hold meetings in all states. Bonds of friendship counted hugely in those times and so down-under Rose came. The journey gave her a hearty respect for Australia and she maintained strong links till her retirement from Craft Horizons in the 1980s when among other outlets she began writing for Art in America.

One of her prominent contemporaries in the USA is the textile designer and writer Jack Lenor Larsen. He pronounced Rose a prophet. Lenor Larsen writes, “Single handedly and blind to both opposition and indifference Rose pulled us into art” She saw the contemporary crafts (as opposed to traditional crafts) as mainstream as art. In Grace Cochrane’s History of the Craft Movement in Australia, Rose is quoted as writing in the 1940s: “.We are as we must be, irretrievably an industrial society. What has happened is this: the crafts have realised their own distinct, necessary and rightful place in it – not in conflict with it, not absorbed into it – but existing within the larger structure, true to their own identity, and to their own continuity. We are not harking back to old methods; we are creating new values in an entirely new situation…” This clarity of thought is why it is well for Rose Slivka to be remembered, and for those of us lucky enough to have personal fond memories, it is a time to re-read her writing and to recall her endearing eccentricity. She is one of the distinct characters in the international history of contemporary crafts.

Jane Burns, AM
Founding Director Crafts Council of Australia
1972-1992

Australian cricketers humble in their craft

Cricket writer Harsha Bhogle has attributed the success of the Australian team to the humble approach to their craft:

As such, he says, they are more humble than any other team. "Maybe not in terms of behaviour on field or in terms of the way they approach people, but in the way they approach their craft and the way they approach their profession, they’re humble. It’s the way they approach their craft."

Ponting’s Australians: good and humble

The bears and the bees – a reflection on craft and the Bali meeting on climate change

Life for bears was always improving.

There was no shortage of food. Honey production had become mechanised and they were supplied with a regular abundance of their favourite food.

And no shortage of shelter. The forest provided them with the timber they needed for building their growing homes.

So the average bear could now enjoy life on their own honey deck, work out in their own honey gym, hibernate in their own honey lounge. Life was sweet.

For bears, honey was their reason for living. Their whole lives were spent in the accumulation and enjoyment of honey. Every bear home had at least one multi-function honey pot, where they could dip their honey sticks, pour their honey drinks and squirt their honey hits.

Once and a while, a Baby Bear would ask, ‘Daddy Bear, where does honey come from?’ The Daddy Bear would take Baby Bear to the honey deck and point to the large buildings in the distance.

‘See those buildings, Baby Bear. They are the honey factories. Inside the factory are large air-conditioned hives that produce the raw honey. See the smoke coming out of the factory? That’s from the furnaces that filter the honey so that it becomes clear and pure.’

In school, the bears were taught about the science of honey production. The bees themselves were taken for granted. The bears learnt only about the factory system.

Not all bears shared this enthusiasm for the factory. A small group of ‘Fair Bears’ paid more attention to bees. They would explore the forest and find disused natural hives which they took home and admired for their beauty.

Though most bears thought that these Fair Bears were strange, they were tolerated. It was assumed their enthusiasm for raw honey was because they couldn’t get enough of the pure stuff. But when they saw the wild hives, most bears appreciated their beauty and quietly wished that their honey came from such elegant structures.

If only! But life isn’t like that, is it. Life is cruel. One thing bears fear more than anything else is the sting of the bee. Rumour of swarms had prompted them to build high walls around their houses. The honey factories were not ideal, but the bears could relax knowing that the bees were securely housed.

But sweet as it was, there were growing signs that this lifestyle was coming to an end. The bears’ appetite for big homes was so great that the forest began to run out of trees. There were reports from the honey managers that the bees were starving and honey supplies in the future were jeopardised.

At first, the bears ignored this advice, dipping into their honey stocks and basking in the sunlight exposed by the empty forest. But eventually reason began to take hold and they realised they would have to do things differently.

The Circle of Bear Elders held a meeting with the factory manager and the chief representative of the bees. First they addressed the manager, a particularly wise and experienced bear, to tell them the situation. He gave them the grim news.

‘Honourable Bear Elders, I’m afraid the situation is perilous. There are hardly any trees left in the forest. The bees can no longer collect the pollen for making honey. Soon there will be no timber left to fire the furnaces. If this continues, honourable Bear Elders, we will be looking at a future without honey.’

The Circle of Bear Elders gasped at the prospect. The most powerful bear, George W. Bear, came forward and demanded a solution from the manager.

‘On behalf all the honey-loving beings of the forest, I insist that you find a way to continue honey production.’

‘Well, the only short-term solution that we can see is for the bees to go the distant forest in the east, where there are still flowers that could supply what they need to make honey.’

George W. smiled, ‘Well, what’s the problem then? Queen Bee, please instruct your bees to go the distant forest in the east. The honey-loving beings of the forest will celebrate their efforts.’

The Queen Bee was an oriental beauty with golden stripes. She narrowed her eyes and fluttered her ornate lace wings. ‘Honourable bear elders, we appreciate your concerns naturally and graciously acknowledge your love of the honey that we produce. But we do not know how to find the forest to the east. We need your assistance. We need your map and compass to be able to find the way.’

Though they feared the bees would lose their precious maps, the Circle of Bear Elders agreed to assist the bees on their journey. But then the Queen made one further request.

‘Before you go back to your sumptuous bear mansions, honourable bear elders, please indulge us in asking you a simple question. Why should all this be up to us? Surely it is your mansions that have caused such devastation in our forest. If your houses were smaller, then there would be more trees and we could return to our usually feeding grounds.’

This statement caused great consternation among the bears. They were anxious to maintain honey production and needed to keep the bees on side. But they couldn’t imagine returning to the tiny shacks they used to life in.

The Circle of Bear Elders decided to have a series of meetings so they could discuss this issue in more depth and start to set targets for their house sizes.

Meanwhile, the Fair Bears decided to go into the forest and meet with the bees themselves. To their relief, they found the bees very interested to discuss the problems. No one was stung. They talked about how they could make honey outside the factory, making wild hives and gathering food from the clover. Fair Bears actually preferred the raw honey and offered to assist the bees in erecting posts on which they could start building the hives.

Will the bees find the forest to the east? Will the bears manage to live in smaller houses? Will new partnerships like that between the Fair Bears and the bees continue and grow?

Lord knows, and he’s not telling anyone, yet.

Craft Victoria unbound

After nearly eight years at Craft Victoria, I am now experiencing the incredible lightness of being without a small arts organisation. It’s been a very moving week, with an astounding Fresh exhibition, a flood of kind messages and a very warm gathering on Saturday to reflect back on what’s been happening in craft so far this century.

With the newly-won benefit of hindsight, it seemed that running an organisation like Craft Victoria was a matter of balancing between the professional development and wider engagement with culture. The concept of home seemed the simplest metaphor. It’s important to separate ourselves off from the world to find comfort and security. But this separation can become a fortress if we don’t open the door occasionally to the outside world.

Since 2000, we’ve had a number of high quality exhibitions that demonstrated the modernist endeavours of individual makers. But complementing that were initiatives like the Scarf Festival and South Project made contact with new audiences here and overseas. We’ve provided all the benefits of a club, but tried to ensure that the membership is diverse as possible.

Keeping modernism and humanism in play is a tricky balancing act. And after eight years, it gets increasingly hard to keep the balls in the air. Our managerial culture is always going to make it difficult for humanist energies.

So I’m going to take a little rest and go back to own craft, writing. Time to find a new home.

Kosher craft

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Mark Edgoose’s mezuzah creates a ritual door ornament and connects it with the practical business of modern life, such as finding your keys and phone when you leave the house.

Last week I was moderating a forum at the Jewish Museum of Australia. They had just opened the Contemporary Judaica exhibition titled New Under the Sun. This is the third such exhibition that the museum have staged and toured. It’s a wonderful creative challenge for craftspersons to create objects that have real ritual significance, even if it is for a culture that they do not belong to.

The speakers on the night included silversmith Mark Edgoose, jeweller Blanche Tilden, ceramicist Kris Coad and designer Paul Justin. The first three were non-Jewish and all expressed a gratitude to the Jewish community for allowing them to participate in their culture in this way. Paul Justin had some very interesting points to make about the challenges of having his designs manufactured remotely.

The focus of this show was on new rituals, such as the Yom Hashoah, the remembrance of the holocaust, and feminist symbols such as Miriam’s cup. The role of craft in developing objects that give substance to these traditions seemed a tangible role to play. Some in the audience made reference to the history of Judaism in Western Europe, which prohibited Jews from guilds, which meant that they formed an alliance with non-Jewish crafts to supply their precious objects.

There was an ironic note struck when someone in the audience asked a question about the enduring relevance of craft, particularly in the direct physical involvement of the maker in the production. It became clear then that it was only the non-Jewish craftspersons that had made the work themselves.

It seemed a nice point for cultural dialogue that these two cultures—the non-Jewish makers and the Jewish community—could exchange their authenticities. Skill for faith: the makers offer their manual talents in exchange for the engaged rituals of Jewish life.

It evokes a point made by Julia Kristeva that to engage with the faiths of others in a multicultural society that we need to acknowledge that we are ‘strangers to ourselves’.

Congratulations Jewish Museum of Australia. You set a wonderful example of creative engagement with community. I’d certainly recommend a visit to the gallery.

American Craft Victoria

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American Craft magazine has been re-launched under the editorship of Andrew Wagner. Despite its name, the magazine takes a global view, featuring a French jeweler on the cover and articles from Australia, New Zealand and the Netherlands.

The emphasis has moved from the object to the maker. This is most evident in the cover and its accompanying story. The risk is that it moves into Martha Stewart territory. At the moment, there is enough serious content to resist that. Paul Greenhalgh’s ‘Critics Corner’ raises some weighty issues about the place of craft in the pantheon of art history, though the criticism of craft ideology seems a fairly cheap conservative shot. It would be good to see the magazine feature an alternative line, pointing towards the increased ideological engagement of craft.

Meanwhile, the issue is beautiful to behold. The paper stock has been lovingly chosen. Of particular note is the change to the American Craft logo. It looks disarmingly similar to the Craft Victoria logo, don’t you think?