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What to do with guanacos?

The adventure for craft in the University of Valparaiso continues in 2008. Last year, I witnessed the design students attempt to develop product out of a remote stony Chilean village at the end of the road called Pedernal. This year, their enterprising teacher Patty Gunther takes them to La Ligua, a centre for handmade textiles.

The students are working on a project managed by Claudia Cajtak called Wanaku. The project emerges indirectly from one of the main industries in the area, turkey farming. The company Sopraval has sponsored the project to make something of the small stock of Guanacos, which produce a fur excellent for spinning and weaving.

La Ligua is famous for a number of unique features. As a textile centre, it specialises in handmade jumpers, which you can see hanging from the front of houses. All the weavers are male. The women specialise in sweets, and a characteristic feature of the town is the palomita (little dove), a woman dressed in a white apron waving a white flag advertising the tooth-shattering confections.

The visit to La Ligua was carefully choreographed. We started by meeting the source of project at the Guanaca farm. Along with us was a local spinner Ondina de Carmen. Despite working with the fibre all her life, she had never actually seen a guanaca in reality. She brought her three

daughters along and the family seemed thrilled with the

experience. Ondina then demonstrated how to spin the fibre, using a very crude spindle weighted with a steel nut and rotating on a broken ceramic plate. The students seemed completely fascinated by this exercise in craft magic, though only one young girl was brave enough to try it out herself.

We then visited the home of one of the weavers. The man’s looms were located in his backyard under a crude shelter with lumpy mud floors. They looked crudely constructed, but appeared to work very well. Elsewhere in the garden, the fig tree was in full fruit attracting swarms of bees. The scene was echoed by us city-dwellers, with our little silver boxes, swarming over the rich material scene, gathering up raw substance for our cameras. The scene offered an unmediated world that seemed totally innocent of design. So what might design make of this?

Talking with the manager, Claudia Cajtak, it is clear that Wanaku is not a simple exercise. Though the local participants seem very keen and excited to be part of it, it may not be so easy to convince the rest of the population, which is fraught with small town rivalries.

So what should the students offer as a way of developing the rich potential of this area? What kind of compromise will be necessary to help preserve and strengthen the local culture? Time will tell, but it moves slowly in La Ligua.

Their ‘artesanía’ is our ‘folk-art’

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DSCF3466

The in-flight magazine for LanChile identifies the position of craft in Latin America. It uses the Spanish work ‘artesanías’, which is usually translated as ‘craft’. However, in in the bi-lingual magazine, it is translated instead as ‘folk-art’.

Why use this term? The writer María José Villanueva positions artsesanía as a counterbalance to globalisation. It responds to questions about who we are and where we are coming from:

Folk art, now updated with a node to contemporary design, continues to provide answers to these existential questions, but with a twist: ‘folk chic’ or folk-art is emerging as a commercial niche that stands in stark contrast to mass-produced homogeneity.

These are noble sentiments which position craft as an alternative to dominant trends in modernity. But why ‘folk-art’? What has happened in the process of ‘updating’?

‘Craft’ has more of an emphasis on skill. It most often represents a body of techniques that are preserved and reproduced by a group of skilled practitioners. As such, it can be elitist and exclusive.

‘Folk-art’ is more democratic. It responds to a humanist sentiment and celebrates expression and the handmade.

While ‘folk-art’ seems more appropriate to our times, it does come at a cost. The demands a much lower level of skill than traditional craft. Ironically, it is a much more urban phenomenon, as harried city-dwellers seek the imaginary sanctuary of the handmade object.

The same could be said for the ‘neo-folk’ scene in Melbourne. What’s curious here is that the term ‘artesanía’ contains both traditional and modern concepts. It is only in the English word of ‘folk’ that the urban concerns are expression. I hope to find out more about the way this term operates, particularly in Chilean universities where craft is still taught.

Craft Victoria unbound

Last Monday night the members of Craft Victoria (including myself) voted to adopt a new constitution. The major changes to the Board composition include:

  • a minimum of two craft industry professionals (previously it was five professional members)
  • members no longer nominate board members from their ranks
  • President does not need to be a craftsperson

It’s a significant change for the organisation and it did not pass without heated debate. Some felt it was a diminution of member’s power which could lead to a more corporate direction for the organisation (a focus on avoiding risk rather than advancing the field). The Board presented the change as a responsibility of governance in the face of increasing legal responsibilities.

In the end, it is hoped that the Board will be able to use this power to help the organisation keep on track. Craft Victoria has a great reputation for not only putting new ideas into the cultural mix, but also maintaining a long-term commitment to the enduring value of craft. While credit for this is partly due to people at the top, it is very much due to those dedicated members whose belief and commitment have inspired future possibilities.

While we wait with interest to see what how Board engages with future challenges, members should stay actively involved in the organisation. The possibility was noted that there might be an annual forum where the direction of Craft Victoria could be discussed with members. Let’s ensure that something like this happens.

Poor craft from Israel

Deganit Stern-Schocken, Pendant: Untitled, Smashed cans, zircons

Another interesting series of work at Klimt, this time from Israel. The exhibition ‘Crafting a Culture’ features work from four Israeli jewellers. The work of Deganit Stern Schocken in particular has interesting resonance with the poor jewellery scene in Australia.

With an interest in architecture, Schocken explores links between the body and the street. In the piece above, she has incorporated precious stones into some aluminium road kill. It offers an interesting urban twist to the story of ornament that makes precious that which is of least value in our world.

Cohn’s counter-reformation

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Cohn_2008_Blood For Oil 2

Susan Cohn Blood for Oil 2, tubing and fake blood, 2008 (Image courtesy of the artist and Anna Schwartz Gallery)

Second Thoughts is quite a surprising show from Susan Cohn. Previous shows like Black Intentions have has quite specific sociological agendas in the way they situate jewellery within a social function or ritual, like mourning. One of the remarkable elements of Cohn’s jewellery is the way she is able to ‘marry’ the social purpose with a rigorous modernist approach to making. Her modernist does not lead to sterile abstractions. Her jewellery engenders confidence not only that as something that can be trusted with a personal story, but also can work well as an piece of ornament.

In Second Thoughts, Cohn selects the sash as a form for investigation. It’s a particular rich choice, with associations of official title as well as a form that envelopes the body. There are some hallmark Cohn elements such as re-purposing technical materials, such as body bags and pipettes. In relation to other Australian jewellers, Cohn’s use of ‘sourced’ materials is relatively unique. These are not found materials that she gleans from her immediate environment, but rather manufactured products that require her to engage as a maker with fellow makers in the factories of outer Melbourne.

But surprisingly for Cohn are recycled and found materials. The signature piece is made from old Black Intentions catalogues. She has also collected the metal tops of champagne and wine bottles that now now decorate sash forms. These materials introduce a sentimentality which seems quite new in Cohn’s work. Taking a few steps back, on the eve of the first Earth Hour, they perhaps echo the ‘second thoughts’ being now experienced in the first world about the benefits of economic growth.

Cohn_2008_install 1

Cohn_2008_install 1

Susan Cohn Black Intentions Anna Schwartz Gallery 2008 (Image courtesy of the artist and Anna Schwartz Gallery)

This re-consideration is emphasised by the ironic display furniture.  Works are shown on black velvet resting loosely over card tables. Cohn has chosen the stereotyped demotic frame of outdoor craft market for the interior of Melbourne’s most ultra-modernist contemporary art space. You feel that Cohn seeks out the clash of sensibilities.

But even more surprisingly at the end of Cohn’s exhibition, are two pieces using plastic tubing normally associated with medical procedures. In both works, she has injected fake blood (sourced from a local magic shop). The result is quite elegant, with the blood and air forming natural beads in the plastic. But the theatrical effect of these pieces at the end of Cohn’s series is at odds with the more scientific feel of previous shows.

I couldn’t help feeling that Cohn’s turn here was like a counter-reformation, where the rituals of the Catholic mass, such as transubstantiation, began to make their way back into Christian workshop after the austerity of German Protestantism. One can’t help associating the series of black tableaus along the gallery with the stations of the cross. Its quite a surprising move, but adds weight to the journey that precedes it. It shows Cohn as an artist who continues to be alive to her craft.


If you have the chance it is worth also visiting the New08 show at the Australian Centre for Contemporary Art. You will see a selection of contemporary visual art that has retreated from the world into a kind of Play School innocence. Some institutions seem to position visual art as a radical way of re-thinking the world, yet end up with what amounts to a crèche for the white fortress. With Susan Cohn’s show, you certainly are reminded of how it might be otherwise.

Craft bound

Karl Fritsch’s exhibition Metrosideros Robusta references north island iron-wood from New Zealand which takes over its host plant. His uncanny and theatrical installation is securely enclosed by brute chicken wire. North meets south. I came, I saw, and I was conquered.

Should we ‘uplift’ craft?

At the South Project gathering in Johannesburg last year, I organised a workshop on ways of exhibiting craft. The rationale emerged on a visit to the Johannesburg Art Gallery, and seeing the division between the shop and the gallery – black rural woman’s craft in the shop and white university educated video in the gallery. For a nation founded on the victory over Apartheid, this seems an anachronistic situation. Of course, it did parallel the situation in countries like Australia, where state collecting institutions have demoted crafts, though at least in Australia there seemed to be the theoretical possibility of exhibition craft in art galleries.

So, at risk of being a ‘contemporary craft’ missionary, it seemed worthwhile exploring the possible pathway between shop and gallery in South Africa. It wasn’t just a theoretical question. Besides extra display space, an object also acquired value in moving from the shelf to the plinth. This value then has the potential to raise the prices of related objects.

The workshop attracted great interest for a wide range of participants. There were craftspersons from townships along with visual artists, curators and government trainers. One issue raised early on was the lack of venues for exhibiting craft. This led to a spirited discussion about the need for self-sufficient solutions, and the possibility of starting a gallery oneself in a garage space.

As a one-off exercise, this seemed a positive beginning. To be effective, however, requires a more concerted effort. It would be good to pilot an exhibition and follow through the issues as they arise.

But there are questions in this exercise. The gallery system usually involved elevating one individual above the others. An example in Australia is the late batik artist Emily Kngwarreye, whose reputation (and prices) approaches Picasso.  As such, it is a threat to more communal social structures. In Aboriginal communities, the prices of paintings are usually shared widely, though crafts such as basket-making continue to be a more collective form of production.

As one of many in Australia with experience in navigating the entrance to galleries, it challenges us to consider what to do this with special knowledge. Should we uplift these communities by integrating them more closely into mainstream economy, enabling members to rise the ladder of success? Or should we ‘protect’ traditional communities by leaving their craft culture ‘undeveloped’?

Of course, once you ask these questions, it is obvious that the answer does not come from ourselves, but from the craft communities. Any workshop in this guise must include a ‘back door’ by while participants can decided that this isn’t the path to be taken. This should include a critical discussion about the problems associated with the visual art system.

This will not be the final answer. It is just as likely to lead to more questions. But as the Zapatistas say, ‘walking we ask questions.’

The craft of ‘sorry’

ruddsorry

ruddsorry

On a day of strong emotions, a new Australian government began the serious business of making its apology for the Stolen generation. Of interest was the importance of ‘craft’ as a sign of the seriousness of the business at hand.

Here are some comments from today’s The Age:

The phrasing of today’s apology has been well crafted. It is to the point and blunt in its message, saying the word "sorry" three times.
Rudd’s dramatic first step moves Australia forward

Just after 9am the Prime Minister began reading the words he’d crafted to deliver his message of regret and sorrow and his promise for the future on behalf of the Australian community.
Time for nation to turn new page

In a 361-word statement crafted with Indigenous Affairs Minister Jenny Macklin and advisers, Prime Minister Kevin Rudd will use the word "sorry" three times — acknowledging its power in indigenous culture.

‘Sorry. We’ll never let it happen again’

In concluding his speech to parliament, Kevin Rudd invited the leader of the opposition Brenan Nelson to join him in ‘crafting’ new policies for addressing inequality between Indigenous and non-indigenous Australians.

This ‘sorry business’ would have been alternatively ‘managed’, ‘cobbled together’ or ‘constructed’. But its crafting seems an important sign of the commitment to have its message endure through time.

Deeper into the forest

Since the Forest or the bush? paper for the JMGA conference, I’ve come across some more expressions of the enchanted woods in the local craft & design scene.

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Casey Payne and Sassie Napolitano in their Northcote store In the Woods which contains a herd of bears, deer, foxes and other creatures of today’s handmade culture.
siri hayes woods

siri hayes woods

Where in the Woods?, an exhibition with
Richard Grigg, Siri Hayes (photo left), Amanda Marburg and Mark Rodda at VCA Galleries until 15 March

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DSCN1229 a

Sue Lorraine, workshop coordinator of the metal studio, JamFactory Craft & Design Centre Adelaide, with some gamey looking mounted wall pieces from 2005

Much anew about nothing

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guiney

Caz Guiney’s exhibition Precious Nothing opened at Craft Victoria last Wednesday. It’s a virtuosic display of inconsequentiality. The installation in Gallery 3 consists of a series of alcoves housing cast gold impressions of worthless detritus, such as blue-tack, coffee cup buttons and dust. The contrast between the almost religious exhibition design and the profane subject is quite powerful.

In the catalogue, fellow jeweller Roseanne Bartley talks about Guiney’s work as a connection to place:

The nothingness of which Guiney speaks does not refer to an emptiness or lack but rather it is a way of looking into a space and discovering value or substance. 

Caz Guiney is profiled in Craft Unbound as a liberator – someone who subverts the hierarchy of common and precious by putting the gallery into the street. In this case, though, she puts the street into the gallery.

Image: Pinpin, 18ct yellow gold, cast from safety pin found in Swanston St, Melbourne, 2007